Wednesday, October 3, 2012

Let Freedom Ring

By Chuck

Today was my first trip to Philadelphia to see the historical sites.  I lived on the East Coast for years while in graduate school, and, so, found it hard to find time to be distracted by "mere" history and sightseeing. My only ventures into those areas were prompted by visits from friends and relatives.  This is the trip to begin to compensate for those failings.

Regarding myself as a pacifist during my years living in Maryland--coinciding with the period of the Vietnam War--I studiously avoided visiting the Civil War battlefield sites.  I recall seeing Pearl Baily's version of Hello Dolly at Ford's Theater when, during intermission, President Lyndon Johnson--a great fan of hers--came out onto the stage.  He received a standing ovation from the crowd, but I felt I was making a profound statement in opposition to the war by remaining silently seated. Oh, the conceits of youth.

Yesterday, Leaving Fallingwater, I was determined to finally visit Gettysburg.  Traveling through miles of blinding rain and intermittent heavy fog, we finally arrived at the site.  The visitors hut was closed, though it was possible to obtain brochures detailing how to take a 24 mile self-guided driving tour.  I quickly decided that the weather conditions made that trip virtually pointless; so, I contented myself with a quick reading of the brochure and a promise to follow up with reading at a later time.

Our first view of the battlefield area.


The Battle of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania (July 1–July 3, 1863), was the largest battle of the American Civil War as well as the largest battle ever fought in North America, involving around 85,000 men in the Union’s Army of the Potomac under Major General George Gordon Meade and approximately 75,000 in the Confederacy’s Army of Northern Virginia, commanded by General Robert Edward Lee. Casualties at Gettysburg totaled 23,049 for the Union (3,155 dead, 14,529 wounded, 5,365 missing). Confederate casualties were 28,063 (3,903 dead, 18,735 injured, and 5,425 missing), more than a third of Lee’s army.


These largely irreplaceable losses to the South’s largest army, combined with the Confederate surrender of Vicksburg, Mississippi, on July 4, marked what is widely regarded as a turning point—perhaps the turning point—in the Civil War.  Nuff said.

Finally arriving in Philly, we had to stop to have Cristina serviced, as she was not allowing us to read her entire ECO display--real time reporting of mileage, mpg and average speed--until we had our 9,000 mile service.  We are so used to viewing this as we drive along that we decided to stop now rather than try to squeeze it in at some unknown future date.  Unfortunately, this cost us 2.5 hours waiting in a dingy Toyota waiting room; but, they were extremely friendly, and they did manage to fit us in with minimal notice.

View of Ben Franklin Bridge from our 10th floor room


We had dinner at the Race Street Cafe, which was recommended somewhere online.  Claire finally found the food she has been missing: "Deconstructed Quinoa Napolean," which consists of crispy quinoa cake, portobello mushrooms, roasted peppers, sautéed spinach, fresh mozzarella and a tomato ragout with white bean mash.  Fabulous!  Supplemented by a draft Dock Street spicy copper Pumpkin Ale.


I settled on ordinary, Old World stuff: Shepherd's Pie. Loved it.  The draft chaser was a Green Flash double stout with hints of coffee, chocolate and anise.  This baby was 8.8% alcohol.


We saw this mural on a brick wall as we walked toward the various Independence sites this morning.


Betsy Ross's residence and place of business.


 

Lovely courtyard area on the way downtown

Building associated with the home and offices of Benjamin Franklin.  They are currently building a new BF Museum in the rear.


The Liberty Bell was cast and tested.  It cracked.  It was melted and recast.  Again, it cracked. The third version lasted awhile and then cracked.  It resided at various locations inside Independence Hall for awhile, but was moved for the bicentennial celebration--to make it more accessible--and then again a few years ago to its present location in a separate building across the street.  That is the Hall in the background, seen through the window.

By the way, a centennial bell was cast and has lasted until this day! 



Independence Hall.  Site of the signing of the Declaration of Independence and the drafting of the Constitution of the United States of America.


Independence Hall tower.


The courtroom in Independence Hall.  Reconstructed with period furniture.  On the left is the witness stand.


Our Ranger guide, standing by the docket.  The British legal system still uses a similar setup.


This is the room where the Declaration of Independence was drafted and adopted.  I was surprised to find that the signed document is not the oldest--they printed and circulated the documents prior to formal adoption.  Signing came later, testimony to those representatives from each colony--now State--who had supported it.


This was the chairman's raised dias.  The chair is that actually used by George Washington as he presided over the proceedings.  Unfortunately, you cannot see the detail of the top:  The knob represents the cap of freedom, the carved sun has 13 rays emanating from it--these represent the original 13 colonies.


From the rear of Independence Hall, looking out over Independence Square.


The early Capitol of the United States was in Philadelphia, while the city of Washington was being built.  Actually, it is more complicated than that. From 1774 to 1800, Congress met in numerous locations; therefore, the following cities can be said to have once been the United States capital: 
   First Continental Congress--Philadelphia
   Second Continental Congress--Philadelphia, Baltimore, Lancaster (1 day!), York
   Articles of Confederation--Philadelphia, Princeton, Annapolis, Trenton, New York City
   United States Constitution--New York City, Philadelphia, Washington, D.C.

While I was living in Maryland in the 60's, I visited a friend on the Eastern Shore.  Her father was a history buff and got me an invitation to visit a (reconstructed) house believed to be that of George Mason.  It was a thrill to see such a place.

"George Mason IV (December 11, 1725 – October 7, 1792) was an American Patriot, statesman and a delegate from Virginia to the U.S. Constitutional Convention. Along with James Madison, he is called the "Father of the United States Bill of Rights."  For these reasons he is considered one of the "Founding Fathers" of the United States.

Like anti-federalist Patrick Henry, Mason was a leader of those who pressed for the addition of explicit States rights and individual rights to the U.S. Constitution as a balance to the increased federal powers, and did not sign the document in part because it lacked such a statement."  

This is (literally and politically) the lower house of Congress while the seat of government was located in Philadelphia.  This is in the West Wing of Independence Hall.


This is one of the meeting rooms on the upper floor of the West Wing of Independence Hall.


The upper chamber used by the Philadelphia Congress in the West Wing; also on the second floor.


A Senator's desk.


Independence Mall, with the Hall in the background.


I am opposed to this use of horses; but, it certainly contributes to the ambiance, here.


 Benjamin Franklin


Race Street Pier, with the Delaware River and Camden, New Jersey in the background.  Across the street from our hotel.


Aging hippie, with Rock & Roll Hall of Fame T-shirt in foreground, and Ben Franklin Bridge and New Jersey in the background.


Looking up at the Ben Franklin Bridge.


From the Race Street Pier, looking at the Philadelphia skyline.  That is our hotel on the left corner.  I think that the modernish building in the middle looks a lot like the Chrysler Building.


They who can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety. ~ Benjamin Franklin

Monday, October 1, 2012

Frank Lloyd Wright, Again

By Claire

You didn't think we were through with Frank Lloyd Wright did you?  Not by a long shot!  Today we visited Fallingwater, one of his most extraordinary creations.  He designed it in 1935 in rural southwestern Pennsylvania.  The home was built partly over a waterfall on Bear Run in the Laurel Highlands of the Allegheny Mountains.  What a gorgeous location!

Driving into Fallingwater

It was hailed by Time Magazine, shortly after its completion, as Wright's "most beautiful job," and is listed among Smithsonian's Life List of 28 places "to visit before you die."  So we did--visit.  

First view

We walked down a long path to reach the house, hidden among the trees.  The house was owned by Edgar Kaufmann, a successful Pittsburgh businessman and president of Kaufmann's Department Store.  Clearly, he had money.  He and his wife owned the property, all 1600 acres, and used it as a retreat for themselves and their employees.  They loved the area and came often from their home in Pittsburgh, about 70 miles away.   Their son, Edgar Kaufmann, Jr., studied architecture briefly under Wright at Taliesin.  Wright visited Bear Run and later, while enjoying refreshments with the Kaufmanns at their home in Pittsburgh, he said to Edgar Jr.--in tones that the elder Kaufmanns were intended to overhear, "Edgar, this house is not worthy of your parents..."  The remark spurred the Kaufmanns' interest in something worthier.  Fallingwater is the result.


We were so lucky to be able to take a tour of this amazing place.  It is quite large at 5,300 square feet, which includes the terraces--FLW considers the outside part of the inside in his designs.  Views from every window brought nature into the rooms.  Each of the parents and their son had their own private retreat area.


This shows the supports used  for one of terraces. They are sitting on a boulder.  Another boulder is under the kitchen and extends into the living room where FLW built a fireplace around it.  It was the boulder Mr. Kaufmann used to sunbathe, and he was delighted to have it in his living room.


Because of its placement over a natural creek, there were windows over a set of outside stairs.  Opening these windows brought in natural air conditioning.  There was also a plunge pool at the bottom of another set of stairs. Up at the guest house was a swimming pool.  Wright did not believe in swimming pools, preferring natural watering holes.  The Kaufmanns built a pool 6 feet deep that had fresh water running in while draining out the other end at the same time.  This was done after Wright was finished. 


 There are beautiful paths all around the property.


 Visitor Center, beautifully nestled into the forest

Chuck found out about another FLW property, nearby, and made arrangements to tour that as well.  This one is called Kentuck Knob. Commissioned by the Hagan family after visiting nearby Fallingwater, this house showcases FLW's architectural genius and innovation.  He used the surrounding landscape to masterful effect as the framework for this custom Usonian home.  The house is surrounded by spectacular mountain vistas.  Usonia is a word used by Wright to refer to his vision for the landscape of the United States, including the planning of cities and the architecure of buildings.  He used 'Usonian' in place of 'American' to describe the particular New World character of the U.S. Landscape, as distinct and free of previous architectural conventions.

Our tour was thorough and informative, but as usual, no photos inside.  Frustrating!  You will just have to come to these sites yourself.  We did learn that he used hexagons, triangles and 30, 60 and 120° angles in the design.  There are only two right angles in the house--one in the bathtub and one in a closet.  He was forced to do this because the plumbers said they could not fit the bathrooms otherwise.  He never saw the property but used topographical maps and photographs to design it.  He only visited once, during the construction phase.  Mrs. Hagan badly wanted an attic for her Christmas ornaments but Wright did not believe in attics or basements, believing they brought clutter and disease.  She called him repeatedly, trying to get him to visit the completed house, but he refused--due to his extremely busy schedule (he was 86!).  She was certain he would never come, so she had an attic space built above her bedroom with a small door installed for access. 


Entry light

He also believed in carports rather than garages, which can hide accumulated junk.


Closer view of the detail.  The carved design is actually windows.  Wright designed all the furniture, as usual.  He had begun designing mostly built-in furniture, which he dubbed "client safe" because of their habit of rearranging things in ways he never intended.



The backyard stretches for 80 acres and includes a sculpture garden which includes works by Andy Goldsworthy, whose film, Rivers and Tides is a must see.


Nice bench for sitting and breathing in the forest air.  Mr. and Mrs. Hagan planted 8,800 seedlings  themselves.  She was somewhat disappointed years later, though, when she lost the view of the hills and mountains from her living room.


These are hexagonal skylights that work as a sundial and calendar.  They are on a southerly exposure and the time of day is indicated by the angle of the sun casting shadows across the porch--light moves up the porch during the day.  The time of year is shown by the relative position of the sun in relation to the house--in and out shadows are cast depending upon the season.  There is no glass in the skylights: The contractor convinced FLW that the strong winds would blow off the eaves and the copper roof.  Chastised, Wright is alleged to have told his architectural students that the world's most brilliant architect was humbled by a mere upland Pennsylvania builder.


Mrs. Hagan still had the view screened by her trees, she just had to walk a few yards to get there.


Back of the house  

In the back yard
  

This view is supposed to represent the prow of a ship.  Remember the Unity Church in Madison? Same idea is presented here--building and nature integrated.  Wright doesn't build on a hill, he builds into a hill.

Driving to our lodging for the night, Chuck spotted this nice spot. Its in the town of Ohiopyle--we wish we knew how to pronounce it.  Chuck thinks maybe a Greek version is intended.  Who wants to live in a town that is a pile...of what? Furthermore, why are we talking about Ohio while we're in Pennsylvania?




 One of the many beautiful change of seasons displays we have seen.



Early in life I had to choose between honest arrogance and hypocritical humility. I chose the former and have seen no reason to change. ~ Frank Lloyd Wright